Are interest rates and inflationary pressures finally about to curtail the Australian property market?
Are interest rates and inflationary pressures finally about to curtail the Australian property market?
Amid economic uncertainty, geopolitical crises, high inflation and higher interest rates, it may seem like downward pressure on property markets is overdue. However, when we take a closer look at the conditions, in many of the Australian property markets the reverse is actually true.
Historically there have always been periods of war, geopolitical turmoil and economic uncertainty, but Australian property markets have always prevailed. Ultimately global uncertainty has less impact on Australian property values than one might expect. So, why is this the case?
Property market fundamentals
The strength in Australian property markets comes down to the fact that the fundamentals that keep property markets strong have been maintained – or even strengthened. This includes:
- Record overseas migration
- Lack of new property supply
- Fewer property listings
- Increasing foreign investment into Australian property
This combination of factors has ensured that demand for property is outstripping property supply in many Australian markets. When that occurs, property values and rents will rise.
Here’s how these factors are having an impact:
Record overseas migration
Australia continues to be an extremely attractive proposition for overseas migrants thanks to our high standard of living, stable democratic government, strong job market and infrastructure pipeline.
Migration continues to be the major driving force behind growth in property values, and Australia has experienced record migration of late. Coming off the back of lower migration levels during Covid-19, in 2023 net overseas migration was recorded at 518,000 people – the highest on record.
80% of 2023 net overseas migration landed in NSW, VIC and QLD. That has created pressure in eastern seaboard property markets where demand is consistently outstripping supply.
Historically, we’ve seen strong migration after major events like WW1 and WW2 and that has led to exceptional property growth in the following years (See Figure 1).

Figure 1 – Property growth and world events[1]
If we review migration levels during the world wars and then compare that to Covid-19, the results are telling.
World War I – 1914 to 1918
- In 1913 pre-WW1 our net overseas migration was 63,237
- In 1919, post-WW1 we added 166,303 people in 1 year
- This growth equates to 3.2% of our population (5 million)
World War II – 1939 to 1945
- From 1930 to 1945 we had a net migration loss of 29 people
- From 1948 to 1952 we added 461,785 people
- This equals 6% of our population of 7 million in 4 years
Covid19 – 2020 to 2021
- During the years of Covid-19 we lost about -8,600 people over a 2-year period
- In the 2 years that followed we have added 721,000 people
- In 2023 we added 518,000 which is 2% of our population of 27 million[2]
As we can see in figure 1, there were spikes in property values following the world wars. This was driven by strong post-war migration growth. Strong migration growth post Covid-19 is likely to have similar results.
While the government has recently introduced measures to reign in migration levels, such as tougher visa requirements for international students, this isn’t likely to translate to lower demand for housing for some time. There is a major shortage of housing and rental supply, and it will take many years for the balance to be readdressed.
Lack of new property supply
The construction of new properties is significantly down on annual averages. New housing starts in 2023 were at their lowest level in 11 years and will lead to Australia falling 90,000 homes short of the annual target of 240,000 set by the current government. The Urban Development Institute Australia (UDIA) reported that national residential housing lot releases decreased by 26% in 2023. There were 36,000 lots released in 2023 and this was the lowest volume released since 2011; a 56% decline on 2021 figures.
In addition to the slowdown in land releases, lower building approval numbers and challenges in the construction industry have placed further pressure on the supply issue. One example is Brisbane, where there are currently less than 3,000 apartments under construction in 2024 and this is expected to halve by 2025. The South East Queensland (SEQ) Regional Plan outlines a requirement of 7,500 new attached dwellings each year. If all projects under construction proceed to completion it will only bring 4,356 dwellings to market, just 58% of the SEQ’S annual target.

Fewer property listings
In many property markets, property listings have dropped significantly compared to annual averages. SQM Research data from March 2024 reported the following annual declines in listing numbers: Perth (down 27.2%), Adelaide (down 13.7%) and Brisbane (down 11.1%). Overall, national property listings rose by a modest 2.6% which hasn’t kept up with the increasing demand.[3]
Rental vacancies are at all-time lows nationally. In March 2024, the number of new rental listings was down 13.7% on the year prior, and the lowest they’ve been for March since 2010.[4] Agents and renters report that sometimes hundreds of people are showing up to open home inspections due to such tight supply.
Increasing foreign investment
Foreign investment has increased significantly, led by Chinese investors. International real estate agents have seen an increase of 400% in foreign buyer inquiries. In the last quarter of 2023, foreign buyer approvals were up 40%.
Most foreign investors are coming from China. No doubt they’re attracted to the stability of Australian property markets, especially in light of potential volatility off the back of government control and regulation. Anecdotally, we’re seeing Chinese buyers pushing up prices in the prestige markets in Sydney and Melbourne with cash purchases in excess of $30m+.
Given the conditions, increased taxes on foreign investment have not deterred these buyers who are looking for a safe place to invest. This has added an additional dimension to an already high demand for Australian housing.
Takeaways
Understandably many Australians feel discouraged by the lack of property supply and increasing prices across most property markets. As a father with young kids who are likely to face challenges buying a home in the suburb they’ve grown up in, we’d acknowledge there are some obvious social challenges that arise when the balance of supply versus demand is too far skewed towards demand.
While these challenges keep property markets strong, they also make it extremely difficult for first home buyers to get on the property ladder.
There have been a number of recent reports of late that suggest household savings have been reducing due to inflationary pressures, which may start to impact discretionary spending in areas such dining out and expensive holidays. With property being a fundamental human need, the harsh reality is that this lack of supply is unlikely to change any time soon. The government is struggling to keep up with the demand for new housing and the delivery of new housing is extremely slow. For many of the Australian property markets (especially those on the East Coast benefiting from record overseas migration) it would appear there’s only one way that property prices and rents can go in the next five years – and that’s up!
For investors this also creates a significant opportunity, and we’re already starting to see a return of investors to our property markets – with lending to property investors reaching a six-year high.[5]
Should an interest rate cut materialise towards the end of the year, we’re likely to see the markets heat up. Savvy investors are choosing to invest now, before the market becomes ultra-competitive and leads us into a frenzied growth stage.
With first home buyers struggling to gain access in the more blue-chip areas in cities like Sydney, we’re seeing a consistent rise in younger “rentvestors” – those people who are choosing to rent where they want to live and buy where they can afford. Securing an investment which is tipped for growth, while renting in an area you love can maximise your financial position and lifestyle.
Ultimately, tough conditions can either spook us, or prompt us into action. While the housing affordability crisis is deeply concerning, finding a long-term solution will take time. In the meantime, investors need to make the property markets work for them. Sitting on the sidelines is rarely the answer and investing in property now can open up more options in the future.
Looking to invest in property and want the experts on your team? Chat to us today to find the right property investment for you.
1https://matusik.com.au/
2https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1617/Quick_Guides/MigrationStatistics
3https://propertyupdate.com.au/asking-property-price-index/
4https://www.macrobusiness.com.au/2024/04/australian-rental-supply-collapses/
5https://www.smh.com.au/property/news/thought-property-investors-were-sitting-on-the-sidelines-they-re-back-20240213-p5f4lq.html
